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Ovaries
Ovaries
Tumours are the most common disorders of the
ovaries. They may be either solid tumours or fluid-filled cysts.
The great majority of ovarian masses are benign (94%) and include
cysts, cystadenomas, teratomas, endometriomas and fibromas. Benign
tumours may become very large and become detectable by palpation or
even by visual examination. They only require treatment if they
lead to symptoms as a result of obstruction or pressure, when
surgery is necessary.
About 6% of ovarian tumours are malignant carcinomas. Most ovarian
carcinomas are asymptomatic for a long time until they cause
pressure on, or obstruction of, nearby organs such as the urinary
tract. This is the reason why ovarian carcinoma has a higher
mortality than cervical and endometrial cancers combined, even
though it is much less common than the other gynaecological
cancers. Malignant tumours are treated by surgery and chemotherapy.
Use of the combined oral contraceptive ‘Pill’, even for a
comparatively short time, has been shown to provide long-term
reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer.
Another common ovarian disorder is polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS). See Ovulatory Disorders
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